Hydraulic fracturing proppants yog cov khoom me me, cov khoom siv ruaj khov siv los qhib cov pob zeb hauv av hauv av thaum lub sij hawm hydraulic fracturing. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom- xuab zeb, ceramics, resin-cov ntaub ntawv coated, thiab lwm yam.-xaiv raws li cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom ua kom cov roj thiab cov roj ntws kom siab tshaj plaws thaum txo kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm. Raws li kev lag luam nce siab, ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv tau nce tas li, nrog kev tsim kho tshiab tsom rau lub zog siab dua, kev ua tau zoo dua, thiab kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.
Nyob rau hauv kev siv,propantsyog siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo stimulation los tsim txoj hauv kev rau roj thiab roj kom dim ntawm kev tsim nruj. Lawv cov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nqi tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov dej num extraction. Proppant xaiv nyob ntawm tej yam xws li tsim siab, kub, thiab permeability.
Tsib qhov kev siv loj ntawm Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants:
1. Kev tsim khoom ntau ntxiv hauv cov roj ntim khoom nruj
Nyob rau hauv nruj formations nrog tsawg natural permeability, proppants yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau tsim txoj kev conductive. Ceramic proppants nyiam rau lawv lub zog siab thiab conductivity. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv North American shale roj thiab roj teb, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tshaj tawm tias kev siv cov khoom siv siab - zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam pib nce mus txog 30%. Tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv thov proppant yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov kev thov kom ntev - lub sij hawm ruaj khov zoo productivity.
2. Hydraulic Fracturing nyob rau hauv qhov sib sib zog nqus, siab -Teb Chaws Kub
Siab -kub, qhov tob tob xav tau cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov xwm txheej hnyav. Resin-coated proppants yog siv los tiv thaiv crushing thiab embedment. Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem tiv taus siab tshaj 10,000 psi, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg tawg. Cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv kev sib sib zog nqus- cov roj hauv hiav txwv tau tso siab rau cov kev daws teeb meem no kom muaj kev ncaj ncees zoo.
3. Txo kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig
Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg propants, xws li cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua lossis nrog cov ntsiab lus silica qis, tau txais kev nyiam. Lawv txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm raug cov plua plav thiab silica thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Qee tus neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm txog 15% txo tus nqi pov tseg tom qab hloov mus rau ntau tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, ua raws cov kev cai nruj dua.
4. Tus nqi-Kev ntsuas kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov teb loj
Hauv cov teb paub tab, tus nqi -kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Xuab zeb tseem yog ib qho kev xaiv uas feem ntau siv vim nws tus nqi qis thiab muaj kev yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib hauv cov resin-coated sand technology tau txhim kho cov kav ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov xuab zeb, yog li ua kom cov roj zoo ntau lawm yam tsis muaj nqi nce ntxiv. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Permian Basin tau pom tias siv cov resin-coated xuab zeb tuaj yeem nce ntau lawm los ntawm 10% mus rau 20% piv rau cov xuab zeb tsoos.
5. Multistage Fracturing Operations
Complex multistage fracturing xav tau cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem xa tau thiab xa tawm thoob plaws ntau txheej. Siv cov khoom siv qib siab nrog qhov ua kom zoo dua qhov loj thiab cov duab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev faib tawm. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias txoj hauv kev no tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho cov nqi rov qab nyob rau hauv ntau- txheej txheej qhov dej nce mus txog 25%, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov dej tsis sib xws.